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Topic- Examine the role of UN Security Council in international peace and Security. “We the people of UNs determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”- The preamble of Charter of UN directly shows its main motive for the peace and security in the world. UNSC, which came in existence in 1945 after the WWII, has main role in maintaining peace and security. Its central mission is to maintain International Peace and Security. It helps in preventing conflict; helping parties, in conflict, make peace; peacekeeping; creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. Under chapter VII of the charter, the SC can take enforcement measures to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such measures range from economic sanctions to international military actions. The council also establishes UN peacekeeping operations and special political Missions. UN peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles          I.         1.  Consent  2. Impart

Critically examine the major challenges faced by European Union. The political and economic cooperation is necessary for the stability in Europe to function peacefully was one of the lessons learnt from the World War II. To avoid any such disastrous incident to occur, in 1951, Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, decided to establish the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Later, in 1993, Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) went into effect, established European Union (EU), with 28 countries as its member states. A greater economic integration and closer political cooperation, coordination on foreign policy and internal security issues, Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), was envisaged in Europe through the establishment of European Union. Being a multinational institution, European Union has felt multiple challenges in terms of decision making and cooperation on multiple issues.   The economic difference, different polit

Critical Examination of emergence of BRICS and the major challenges it faces. Emergence of BRICS Through the two papers of Goldman Sachs in 2000s, BRIC emerged as a concept to represent the changes that were taking place in the international order. BRICS represents around 1/3 rd of the global population and $ 14 trillion aggregate nominal GDP. It includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa as its member countries. This institution encompasses the fastest growing economies and indicates high growth potential and opportunities. The 1 st meeting of foreign ministers of the BRIC countries took place, in 2006. Afterwards, it began to exist as a mechanism through which member countries could exchange view, seek convergence, identify areas of cooperation and influence the international agenda.  It acts as potential business, trade and commerce destination for the nations across the globe. In, April 2011, South Africa entered as the fifth member and a repre

Critically examine the role of Gandhi in mass mobilization during Indian freedom struggle. Indian freedom struggle was more of regional and class limited movement before Mahatma Gandhi joined the struggle after coming from Durban (South Africa). Indian National Congress (INC) was the, then only, pan- India organization to conduct the struggle across the nation. But, the INC mostly represented the elite and educated higher and middle class intellectuals as its members. The Congress organization was not in direct contact with peasants and working class, which was the majority of the population. The Congress Agrarian Policy was mostly against the British Land Revenue policy. The causes of peasants, working class, women, students, poor and lower castes were not represented at all India level. Their struggles were confined to a particular area and were related to some limited issues. It was not before the Lucknow session, when Mahatma Gandhi was approached by Raj Kumar